The eye is a complicated organ that is vital for almost all organisms. We have many types of technology that involves the human eye; like tracking eye movement, eyeglasses, and being able to unlock phones or other systems involving the face or eyes. However, there is a lot we still have yet to discover.

The author, Sean D. Pitman, wrote “The Emperor Has No Clothes” – which is a book on the evolution of humans. This article is an excerpt from a chapter about the design of the eyeball and covers the possible evolution theories on the eyeball. It is available online and gives us diagrams. The purpose of this excerpt is to explain that while there are many theories, none have been proven factually. This is shown in the section, “Problem with Paper Theory” – where “what seems to work very well on paper may not work so well when it comes to putting the paper theory to areal life test. No such tests have actually been successful even though testing this theory isn’t so hard to do.”

He focuses on fully explaining all the theories with visuals and discusses a variety of other reasons. It makes him come off as reasonable, logical, and thorough in his research as he emphasizes on the theoretical part as you continue reading what he has written.

He slowly works his way up and builds the basis that there is not much to go off on due to the nature of how hard it is to study more on the eyeball. It is built differently compared to other body parts. “There does not seem to be too much else to go on as far as a significant example of real evolution in action. The statistics are against such a process actually working in real life.” There has been no way to preserve eyeballs that function, especially if it’s from the past. The author explains these evolutionary theories. If you are not overwhelmed by the site’s weird formatting, the wording is not super complicated. Regardless of who is reading it, he starts it off with an easy introduction to evolution and makes a general statement about the overall process of evolution and why it happens. Then, introduces the audience to how Darwin came up with his theory for the human eye.

Everyone knows Darwin for his theory of evolution as well as “survival of the fittest”, which is usually discussed in the wrong way but moving on, Darwin’s theory on the eye was the most hypothetical. Pitman then discuss Nilsson and Pelger’s theory in the 90s. The intended audience of this article could focus on a reasonable amount of people,considering there is not any specific phrases or wording that gives us a specific audience to work with.

However, it is probably for all the readers who decided to take up interest on the theory of evolution, in this case, especially the eyeball—whether or not reading this is for personal enrichment or if it’s for a school project. It explains the overall history of the theories for how our eyeballs had formed. The author also added the other side of paper theories which “may not works o well when it comes to putting the paper theory to a real-life test”. The rhetorical situation, sum up, is the author translating the truth of all these theories of how the eye has ‘changed’. So much hypothetical information was indeed given to us at that time.

Information about current eyes is not uncommon, especially with how much technology we have developed. But all that technology does not account for what has been missing for the past few centuries or millennia. That is, the situation of how our eyes have changed or adapted to today’s standards. We still have not truly figured out the truth of how our eyes have evolved but the important part of this paper is to show that while theories are very interesting, if it has no actual proof. It’s best to focus on the actual proof of biological and other scientific discoveries.

works cited:Pitman, Sean D. The Evolution of the Human Eye, May 2008,

www.detectingdesign.com/humaneye.html.